商务统计-C2审计报告v.pdf

Describing Data: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distribut ions, and Graphic Presentat ion GOALS 1.Organize qualitat ive data into a frequency table. 2.Present a frequency table as a bar chart or a p ie chart. 3.Organize quant itat ive data into a frequency d istribut ion. 4.Present a frequency d istribut ion for quant itat ive data using histograms, frequency po lygons, and cumulat ive frequency po lygons. Frequency Table Re lat ive C lass Frequenc ies C lass frequenc ies can be converted to re lat ive c lass frequenc ies to show the fract ion of the total number of observat ions in each c lass. A re lat ive frequency captures the re lat ionship between a c lass total and the total number of observat ions. Bar Charts Pie Charts Pie Chart Using Exce l Frequency Distribut ion A Frequency d istribut ion is a grouping of data into mutually exc lusive categories show ing the number of observat ions in each c lass. EXAMPLE – Construct ing Frequency Distribut ions: Quant itat ive Data Ms. Kathryn Ball of AutoUSA wants to deve lop tables, charts, and graphs to show the typical se lling price on various dealer lots. The table on the right reports only the price of the 80 vehic les so ld last month at Whitner Autoplex. EXAMPLE – Construct ing Frequency Distribut ions: Quant itat ive Data Construct ing a Frequency Table - Example Step 1: Dec ide on the number of c lasses. A useful rec ipe to determ ine the number of c lasses (k) is the “2 to the k k rule.” such that 2 n. There were 80 vehic les so ld. So n 80. If we try k 6, 6 which means we would use 6 c lasses, then 2 64, somewhat less than 80. Hence, 6 is not enough c lasses. If 7 we let k 7, then 2 128, which is greater than 80. So the recommended number of c lasses is 7. Construct i