2020版高考英语一轮总复习课时作业38Unit3Inventorsandinventions(含解析)新人教版选修8.docxVIP

课时作业 38 Ⅰ . 阅读理解 (2019 ·康杰中学高三调研 ) Food storing is commonin members of the crow ( 乌鸦 ) family. A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour, which may have evolved ( 进 化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours — something we wouldnt expect them to do naturally. But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items. In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token ( 礼品 券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food. Again, the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour. This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning, which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour. For example, we know that chimpanzees select, transport and save appropriate tools for future needs. These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future — but they left an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage, or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions? Most critics would say the former, as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours. But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesnt typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals dont evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead, it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved. Then we might be able to see how crows ability to plan for the future fit