unit 3 跨文化交际课件.pptVIP

1 1 Chapter 3 Making generalizations Chapter 3: Making generalizations 1. What is generalization?The act of reasoning from detailed facts to general principles, the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances Chapter 3: Making generalizations Some generalizations are too broad, out-of-date, or inaccurate. Chapter 3: Making generalizations Some generalizations include positive or negative judgments. A reader might think the information is purely factual, while in reality, it is intended to encourage a particular attitude toward a specific group or culture. Chapter 3: Making generalizations 2. Avoiding generalizations that are too broad. Many subcultures exist within most national cultures. In this case, cultural differences are described in terms of regional economies and characteristics of the populations living in those regions. Chapter 3: Making generalizations 3. How to avoid overgeneralizations? Pay attention to levels of culture. Chapter 3: Making generalizations 4. Negative stereotypes People usually have negative stereotypes about other people from different cultures. Chapter 3: Making generalizations 5. Stereotypes and prejudices A generalization that goes beyond the existing evidence, an inaccurate or overgeneralization, is a stereotype. Stereotypes that include negative feelings and attitudes toward a group are prejudices. Strong stereotypes are sometimes described as racism, sexism, ageism, and extreme nationalism. A stereotype involves a person’s thinking while a prejudice includes negative feelings as well as negative beliefs about members of a group. Chapter 3: Making generalizations 6. Different forms of prejudice severe prejudice Symbolic prejudice Tokenism Subtle prejudice Real likes and dislikes Preference for the familiar Chapter 3: Making generalizations 7. Attitudes of cultural superiority 1 1