武汉大学 分子生物学全部课程 3-说课稿.pptVIP

DNA TOPOLOGY DNA TOPOLOGY (1) Structure (1): Linking number is an invariant topological property of covalently closed, circular DNA (cccDNA) Linking number is the number of times one strand have to be passed through the other strand in order for the two strands to be entirely separated from each other. Species of cccDNA Plasmid and circular bacterial chromosomes Linear DNA molecules of eukaryotic chromosomes due to their extreme length, entrainment in chromatin and interaction with other cellular components (Ch 7) Structure (2): Linking number is composed of Twist and Writhe The linking number is the sum of the twist and the writhe. Twist is the number of times one strand completely wraps around the other strand. Writhe is the number of times that the long axis of the double helical DNA crosses over itself in 3-D space. DNA TOPOLOGY (2) Local disruption of base pairs Function (1): DNA in cells is negatively supercoiled; nucleosomes introduces negative supercoiling in eukaryotes Negative supercoils serve as a store of free energy that aids in processes that require strand separation, such as DNA replication and transcription. Strand separation can be accomplished more easily in negatively supercoiled DNA than in relaxed DNA DNA TOPOLOGY (3) Function (2): Topoisomerases (P115-119) The biological importance of topoisomerase? The functional difference of the two types of topoisomerases? The working mechanism of topoisomerase (See the animation for detail) DNA TOPOLOGY (4) RNA STRUCTURE LOGO Part II: Maintenance of the Genome Dedicated to the structure of DNA and the processes that propagate, maintain and alter it from one cell generation to the next Maintenance of the Genome Ch 6: The structures of DNA and RNA Ch 7: Chromosomes, chromatins and the nucleosome Ch 8: The replication of DNA Ch 9: The mutability and repair of DNA Ch 10: Homologous recombination at the molecular level Ch 11: Site-specific recombination and transposition of DNA 3/08/