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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语(一)试题
Section Ⅰ Use of
English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (20
points)
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition
__1__ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other
hand, putting your __2__, in the wrong place often carries a high __3__.
__4__, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. __5__ people
place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release
oxytocin, a hormone that __6__ pleasurable feelings and triggers the
herding instruct that prompts humans to __7__ with one another.
Scientists have found that exposure __8__ this hormone puts us in a
trusting __9__: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the
noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly
higher amounts of money to strangers than were their __10__ who
inhaled something else.
__11__ for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may __12__
us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can
differentiate __13__ a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers
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were each __14__ to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester
would ask, "What's in here?" before looking into the container, smiling,
and exclaiming, "Wow!" Each subject was then invited to look __15__.
Half of them found a toy; the other half __16__ the container was
empty—and realized the tester had __17__ them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the ma
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