国际贸易实务第一课导论-精品教育文档.pptVIP

BREAD PPT 一个牛肉与土豆的例子。如果世界上只有两个人：养牛的 人和种土豆的人。如果两个人“老死不相往来”，那么，在 吃了几个月烤牛肉、煮牛肉、炸牛肉和烧牛肉之后，养牛人 肯定觉得自己并不怎么惬意；同样，一直吃土豆泥、炸土豆、 烤土豆和用贝壳烘土豆的农民肯定也有同感。如果牛肉和土 豆之间展开贸易，这时每个人就都可以有汉堡包和炸薯条了。 贸易可以让生活变得更美好 BREAD PPT 1.3 Benefits of International Trade （ 3 ） Promotion of economic growth Market is expanded Development of economies of scale Economies of scale are the financial advantages that a company gains when it produces large quantities of products. 规模经济 规模经济，是指由于生产专业化 水平的提高等原因，使企业的单 位成本下降，从而形成企业的长 期平均成本随着产量的增加而递 减的经济。 即扩大经营规模可以降低平均成 本，从而提高利润水平。 BREAD PPT 1.3 Benefits of International Trade ? Creating jobs ? Enhancing domestic competitiveness ? Diversifying/reducing dependence on existing markets ? Extending the life cycle of existing products ? Stabilizing seasonal market fluctuations ? Selling excess capacity ? Gaining information about foreign competition BREAD PPT 1.4 Barriers to International Trade 1) To make up for a deficit on the 2) To guarantee national security. 1.4.1 Reasons for trade restrictions BREAD PPT 1.4 Barriers to International Trade BREAD PPT 1.4 Barriers to International Trade 魅族 3 ， 美国亚马逊 价格 593 刀，注 意。这是黑色星期五打折后逗我价格。 3600 对比国内的 2300 可谓天上地下 由星巴克价格门引 出的国内外多种商 品间的价格比拼 BREAD PPT 1.4 Barriers to International Trade A. Tariffs 关税壁垒 1.4.2 Methods of restrictions A tariff is a duty or fee levied on goods being imported into a country. BREAD PPT 1.4 Barriers to International Trade a. Types of tariffs According to the time of collection ? import duty ? export duty According to the methods in which tariffs are collected ? specific duty 从量税 ? ad valorem duty 从价税 ? mixed or compound duty 混合关税 All the duties are not independent of each other, i.e. a duty can be an import, a protective, and a compound duty at the same time. A. Tariffs 关税壁垒 According to the purpose of collection ? revenue tariff ? protection tariff BREAD PPT 1.4 Barriers to Internat