英语基础语法的的知识总结.docxVIP

英语句子成分（ 8 种） 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、同位语 1、主语是句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、动名词充当。 English is a foreign language. I like learning English. Learning English is interesting. 2、谓语说明主语的动作或状态 ,回答“做 (什么 )”。主要由动词担任。 I learn English every day. 3、表语在系动词之后 ,说明主语的身份或特征 ,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如： My name is Ping ping . I am happy. The book is mine. 连系动词分类： （ 1）状态系动词：用来表示主语性质或状态，只有  be 一词。 He is a teacher. He is ill. (2) 感官系动词： look,feel, smell, sound, taste Your mother looks young. This kind of cloth feels soft. The flower smells good. This song sounds great.. The soup tasted delicious. （3）表像系动词 :seem, look 看起来好像 He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. （4）持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况，主要有 keep, stay keep 和 stay 义为“保持” , remain 义为“仍然是，依然是” keep/stay healthy 5）变化系动词：变得 become, turn, get, fall, go，grow 等 . become /get angry, famous, fat, ill, old, strong(人) become/ get cold ,dark, cloudy（天气） go 主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化 (可用于人或事物 ) go bad, hungry, wrong Her face turned red/ green. fall ill/ silent grow impatient 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表达 证实 之意 . The theory proved (to be ) wrong. His plan turned out (to be ) successful （ turn out 表终止性结果） 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果 ,回答做的是“什么”。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语 ,一个指物 ,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语 ,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如： He wrote me a letter . 有时可把介词 to 或 for 加在间接宾语前构成短语 ,放在直接宾语后面 ,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . 5、宾语补足语 用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么 ,通常由形容词或动词充当。如： They usually keep their classroom clean./ We call him Jack. 6、定语修饰名词或代词，如： Shanghai is a big city . I have something interesting to tell you. 7、状语：副词作状语用来修饰动词或整个句子。此外，还有地点状语，时间状语等等。 She cried sadly. Sadly, she failed in the exam. 8.同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面 ,进一步说明它的情况。如： Where is your classmate Tom 分析下列句子成分 She smiles happily I am hungry. 3. . Trees turn green in spring. Unluckily, he broke a window. They pushed the door open. Mr. Li considered him honest. She showed us her pictures. I’ ll get my hair cut tomorrow. We will make our school more beautiful. Grandma gave me a letter last night. 英语句子的基本结构 英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 英语简单句的五种