新能源论坛-石墨烯.pptVIP

张传祥2010.10;;; The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene ; A thin flake of ordinary carbon, just one atom thick, lies behind this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics. Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov have shown that carbon in such a flat form has exceptional properties that originate from the remarkable world of quantum physics.;Graphene is a form of carbon. As a material it is completely new – not only the thinnest ever but also the strongest. As a conductor of electricity it performs as well as copper. As a conductor of heat it outperforms all other known materials. It is almost completely transparent, yet so dense that not even helium, the smallest gas atom, can pass through it.;论 文;制 备;背 景;表 征;表 征;Graphene: easy to make, hard to find.;碳及炭材料;碳元素在周期表中的位置;Forms of bonding in Carbon;化合物;碳的同素异形体; ;;;石墨烯研究进展;维基百科:Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. It is the strongest known material. It can be viewed as an atomic-scale chicken wire made of carbon atoms and their bonds. The name comes from GRAPHITE + -ENE; graphite itself consists of many graphene sheets stacked together.” 简而言之:单层sp2杂化的碳原子构成二维蜂窝状物质 ;制备方法;加热SiC的方法 加热单晶SiC 脱除Si, 在单晶(0001)面上分解出石墨烯片层。具体过程是:将经氧气或氢气刻蚀处理得到的样品在高真空下通过电子轰击加热,除去氧化物。用俄歇电子能谱确定表面的氧化物完全被移除后, 将样品加热使之温度升高至1250 ℃～1450 ℃后恒温1m in～20m in,从而形成极薄的石墨层。 轻微摩擦法或撕胶带法 用另外一种材料与膨化或者引入缺陷的热解石墨进行摩擦, 体相石墨的表面会产生絮片状的晶体, 在这些絮片状的晶体中往往含有单层的石墨烯。 化学分散法 将天然石墨絮片在二氯苯溶液中超声处理约5m in,然后取一滴溶液滴在表面附着厚度为200 nm 的氧化膜的硅晶片上。最后,用异丙醇洗涤硅晶片,并在氮气中晾干,这样分散得到的石墨片层的厚度范围在几百纳米到几纳米之间, 可以看到由单层石墨烯片层形成???几纳米厚的膜 模板法 在蒙脱土的层间形成了石墨烯片层,一旦脱除模板,这些片层就会自组装形成体相石墨; a. 薄 定义里提到了，单层原子厚度。 (How many graphene sheets are in a 2mm thick slab of graphite? ~6 million);b. 硬、柔 使用原子尺寸的金属和钻石探针对它们进行穿刺，从而测试它们的强度。让科学家震惊的是，石墨烯比钻石还坚硬，强度比世界上最好的钢铁还要高上100倍。 美国机