英语选修VII外研版Module4语法课件（45张）.pptVIP

(二)省略 省略句是英语语言中的常见现象。为了避免重复，或出于修辞上的需要而省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种句子叫作省略句(elliptical sentence)，这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out)。其特点是：虽然句子语法结构所需要的组成部分省去了，但仍能表达其完整意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。使用省略应明确省略的原则和范围，正确运用省略句能使句子简洁明了。从句法的角度分析，省略句可有以下三种类型： 1．简单句中的省略 1)人称(有时包括谓语)的省略。 —How is your mother today? —(She is) much better. —(Are you) tired? —Yes, I am (tired)． (Have you) found the bike? 2)感叹句根据上下文的省略。 How beautiful (it is)! How (hard) they are working! 3)名词所有格后的名词，如果是表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常省略。 At her mothers (house) she passed many happy days. Im going to the doctors (clinic)． 4)表示年龄的years old和表示钟表的oclock等常省略。 I am thirteen (years old)． It is five (oclock) now. 5)介词的省略。在waste, spend, have trouble/difficulty等跟v.-ing时，介词in常省略，在prevent, stop等后的from常省略。 Dont waste time (in) mourning. Ways must be found to stop them (from) polluting our environment. 6)不定式的省略。保留不定式符号to，省略动词。有些动词或助动词，如have, ought, want, be going, wish, hope, like，live, try, forget, prefer, mean, expect, be about, be sure, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed, be obliged, be bound等的后面，为避免重复，只用不定式符号to表示不定式。 —Are you going to take a course in the summer vacation? —Yes. I have to (take a course) though I dont want to (take a course)． —Have you ever been to the seaside? —No, we cant afford to (go to the seaside)． 2．并列句中的省略 在不影响句意的情况下，并列句中后边分句与前边分句相同的词语都可以省略。 I take some exercise at weekends and so do my colleagues (take some exercise at weekends)． She was poor but (she was) honest. Mary can (speak English) and (Mary) ought to speak English. They dont agree with you, neither do I (agree with you)． 3．复合句中的省略 1)主句中的省略。常见于句首或回答问题时，只用 从句。 —Why are you late? —(Im late) Because my watch doesnt work. 2)从句中的省略。 (1)宾语从句 ①主句、从句的谓语相同时，可以省略从句中的全部谓语甚至主语。 She didnt attend the concert, but I wonder why (she didnt attend the concert)． ②在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。 She said (that) I should spend more time with children and that it was a must if I wanted to be a good parent. (2)定语从句 ①可以省略