马克思主义人类学中的田野工作及其现实启示.docxVIP

马克思主义人类学中的田野工作及其现实启示 摘 要： 田野工作作为社会学与人类学的一种调研方式，强调研究者深入到调查对象内部去探究其日常运作情况和内在规律。而马克思主义人类学则刚好强调的是马克思主义的理论是来自于人民、用之于人民，这点与田野调查所倡导的深入社会实践不谋而合。作为世界上最大的社会主义国家，中国和曾经的社会主义强国俄国，其领导集体及其思想都有着丰富的马克思主义人类学色彩，都可以作为证明马克思主义人类学所倡导的深入人民群众路线方针与社会学中的田野工作调查方法互为佐证。由于我国当前正处于经济社会发展转型的关键时期，提升我党在面对当前社会各类挑战的能力也变得刻不容缓。针对我国当前一些领导干部存在着官僚主义严重、脱离人民群众的倾向，扎根理论的创新性为我党在利用马克思主义人类学中的田野工作去指导和制定大政方针上提供了创新性思路，同时也拉近了我党同人民群众之间的距离，提升了决策的民主与科学性，群众路线就是马克思主义人类学的田野工作典型实践。 关键词： 马克思主义; 人类学; 田野工作; 群众路线 中图分类号： B038 文献标识码： A DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.20XX.02.003 Abstract： Field work， as a way of sociological investigation， emphasizes that researchers should go deep into the objects of investigation to explore their daily operation and internal laws. Marxist anthropology just emphasizes that Marxist theory comes from the people and applies to the people， which coincides with the in-depth social practice advocated by field investigation. As the largest socialist country in the world and the former socialist power Russia， their leading collectivity and their thoughts are rich in Marxist anthropology， which can be used as evidence for the in-depth field work in the people and sociology advocated by Marxist anthropology. Since China is in a critical period of economic and social transformation， it is urgent to enhance the ability of our Party to face various challenges in the current society. In view of the fact that some leading cadres in our country have a tendency of serious bureaucracy and separation from the masses of the people， the innovation of grounded theory provides innovative ideas for our Party to guide the field work and formulate major policies based on Marxist anthropology; at the same time， it also narrows the distance between our Party and the people as well as improves the democracy and scientificity of decision-making. The mass line is the typical practice of Marxist anthropology in the field work. Key words： Marxism; anthropology; field work; mass line 今年是實现全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋