高中英语语法同位语从句专题讲解.docVIP

高中英语语法同位语从句专题讲解 1.同位语从句的相关知识 同位语从句对于他所修饰的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容.这些名词常见的有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how…等。 ① 如果同位语从句意义完整, 则用that引导。that不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用。如： The general gave the order ____ the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 (the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容, 且意义完整，因此应 用that引导同位语从句) ② 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义, 则应该用whether引导。如： We’ll discuss the problem ________ the sports meeting will be held on time. (填whether) 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 注意: if不能引导同位语从句。 ③ 如果同位语从句意义不完整, 需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义, 应该用when, where, how等词引导。如： I have no idea _____ Chaplin’s film will be on. （when） 我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。 I have no impression _____ he went home, perhaps by bike. （how） 我记不清他是怎样回家的, 或许是骑自行车回去的。 ④ 当主句的谓语较短, 而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。 Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后, 有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 2. 说到同位语从句与其他从句的区别，主要指他和定语从句的区别 同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法： 1) 同位语从句——that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分。 定语从句 —— that 是关系代词, 起连接作用和充当主语，宾语和表语。 2) 同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系, 对名词进行补充说明。 定语从句 —— 定从和前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。 3)同位语从句——that 不能省。 定语从句 ——that 在从句中作宾语时, 可以省。 例如：Information has been put forward ____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是information的 内容, 且连接词在从句中不作成分, 所以该句为同位语从句。 比较下面两个例句: 1. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. (第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分） 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good. 2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. 3. We heard the news that our team had won. 4. We must face