大学物理-量子物理 (5).pdf

Transcript 05-5 Exclusion A few introductory words of explanation about this transcript. This transcript includes the words sent to the narrator for inclusion in the latest version of the associated video. Occasionally, the narrator changes a few words on the fly in order to improve the flow. It is written in a manner that suggests to the narrator where emphasis and pauses might go, so it is not intended to be grammatically correct. The Scene numbers are left in this transcript although they are not necessarily observable by watching the video. There will also be occasional passages in blue that are NOT in the video but that might be useful corollary information. There may be occasional figures that suggest what might be on the screen at that time. 501 Avatar5-Exclusion CHAUCER: Now it’s time to investigate one of the most important properties of elementary particles… one that literally shapes the atoms of each element in the periodic table. Jeeves, please continue. 505 Exclusion JEEVES: We have just discussed how Schrödinger’s Equation shows us how to accurately describe fundamental particles with a “Wave Function”, now, let’s examine why two electrons together reveal a feature of quantum mechanics totally unlike anything in the large-scale world we inhabit. In a classical setting, even if two things are identical, they are still individuals. As long as we keep track of them carefully, we can treat them separately and label them A and B… or X and Y… or 1 and 2. But consider what is different about a two-electron system – whether in an atom or in a box it doesn’t matter. Since the two electrons are constantly phasing in and out of existence and since they are absolutely identical, it is impossible to keep track of a specific individual. Because of this we must use a combined wave function to describe the pair rather than use two individual wave functions. Th