大学物理-量子物理.pdf

Transcript 05-6 QuantumWeirdness A few introductory words of explanation about this transcript. This transcript includes the words sent to the narrator for inclusion in the latest version of the associated video. Occasionally, the narrator changes a few words on the fly in order to improve the flow. It is written in a manner that suggests to the narrator where emphasis and pauses might go, so it is not intended to be grammatically correct. The Scene numbers are left in this transcript although they are not necessarily observable by watching the video. There will also be occasional passages in blue that are NOT in the video but that might be useful corollary information. There may be occasional figures that suggest what might be on the screen at that time. 601 Avatar6-Weird DIANA: “O day and night, but this is wondrous strange!” KEVIN: Yes it is, Horatio…I mean Diana. Quantum Mechanics IS different, but so far it isn’t TOO weird. CHAUCER: OK, Jeeves, show us a little weird… Where is the weird? 605 Entanglement Where is the weird, you ask? Once you get past existence coming and going, and virtual particles, and uncertainty, and exclusion …most of the “weird” stuff in quantum physics comes from what is known as entanglement and subsequently wave-function collapse. When two (or more) particles interact, their wave functions become entangled in such a way that some properties of each are now depending on what happens to the other particle. Then, these particles can be carefully separated, while in careful isolation to distant locales, but as long as they are not disturbed, they are still entangled and still have properties dependent on each other. Then when one particle is examined to see what it’s individual property might be, the wave function instantly disentangles – physicists would say the wave function collapses. INSTANTLY, the other particle has its co-depe