大学物理-量子物理 (4).pdf

Transcript 05-4 Definite Uncertainty A few introductory words of explanation about this transcript. This transcript includes the words sent to the narrator for inclusion in the latest version of the associated video. Occasionally, the narrator changes a few words on the fly in order to improve the flow. It is written in a manner that suggests to the narrator where emphasis and pauses might go, so it is not intended to be grammatically correct. The Scene numbers are left in this transcript although they are not necessarily observable by watching the video. There will also be occasional passages in blue that are NOT in the video but that might be useful corollary information. There may be occasional figures that suggest what might be on the screen at that time. 401 Avatar4-MoreUncertainty DIANA: Schrödinger’s Equation is really cool! CHAUCER: Yes it is, Diana. KEVIN: I agree, but can we talk a little more about Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle? Isn’t there more to consider than the approach we used to describe it? CHAUCER: Certainly Kevin – Jeeves, let’s have a closer look at that please. 405 More Uncertainty JEEVES: Werner Heisenberg did more than make a QUALITATIVE statement when he said that a particle’s position and momentum could not be known simultaneously … He wrote an equation that QUANTIFIED the relationship. Let’s see how that information can lead to an easy understanding of the hydrogen atom described in exquisite detail by the Schrödinger Equation. Without going into too much detail let’s look at a proton and an electron. Since the electron has a very tiny mass, it can occupy a very large region of space. Conversely the proton has a large mass, 2000 times that of the electron, and therefore it occupies a very tiny region of space. The result is the Quantum Mechanical hydrogen atom… A tiny massive nucleus surrounded by a much larger cloud representing t