2011-罗宾斯-管理学-11版-英文PPT-08.pptxVIP

Define the nature and purpose of planning Classify the types of goals organizations might have and the plans they use Compare and contrast approaches to goal-setting and planning Discuss contemporary issues in planning ;What Is Planning?;Formal Planning;Why Do Managers Plan?;Planning and Performance;Elements of Planning;Types of Goals;Types of Plans;Types of Plans;Types of Plans;Types of Plans;Traditional Goal Setting;Exhibit 8-2: The Downsideof Traditional Goal Setting;Means-Ends Chain The integrated network of goals that results from establishing a clearly-defined hierarchy of organizational goals. Achievement of lower-level goals is the means by which to reach higher-level goals (ends).;Management By Objectives (MBO);Management By Objectives (MBO);Exhibit 8-3:Steps in a Typical MBO Program;Does MBO Work?; Exhibit 8-4:Well-Written Goals;Steps in Goal Setting;Steps in Goal Setting;Contingency Factors in Planning;Contingency Factors in Planning;Exhibit 8-5:Planning in the Hierarchy Organizations;Approaches to Planning;Approaches to Planning;Criticisms of Planning; Criticisms of Planning;Planning in Dynamic Environments;Planning in Dynamic Environments;Terms to Know