植物开花相关GI和CO基因研究综述.docxVIP

植物开花相关GI和CO基因研究综述     　　Abstract：GIGANTEA (GI) and CONSTANS (CO) gene pla ydriving roles in the pathway of plant photoperiod flowering induction.GI and CO genes were regulated by biological clock, and their expression varied regularly within one day.Under long-day condition, GI and CO genes promotethe flowering of Arabidopsis, but under short-day condition, they have little effect on the flowering time of Arabidopsis.GI is an important gene that affects the output of circadian clock and normal life of plants, which encodes a nuclear protein and positively regulates the expression of CO.CO is a protein that encodes a B-box zinc finger, which is an important element to monitor sunshine duration.Also, it activates the expression of the FT and induces plant flowering.This review summarized the structures and functions of GI and CO genes in recent years, providing a reference for further researches on GI and CO genes. 　　Keyword：GIGANTEA; CONSTANS; Photoperiod; Circadian rhythm; 　　植物开花是植物生长发育的重要过程 (彭凌涛, 2006) 。成花过程由自身遗传因子和外界环境因子共同决定, 并受基因网络调控 (孙昌辉等, 2007) 。对拟南芥的研究发现, 主要存在五条开花促进途径:光周期途径、自主途径、赤霉素途径、春化途径和温敏途径 (孙昌辉等, 2007;Faure et al., 2007;Igaseki et al., 2008;Komiya et al., 2008;宋杨等, 2014) 。在调控植物开花的5个途径中, 对光周期途径的研究最为清楚 (孙昌辉等, 2007) 。GI和CO是光周期诱导途径的关键基因。长日照条件下, GI和CO促进拟南芥开花, 但在短日照条件下, 对拟南芥开花时间没有影响 (Wigge et al., 2005) 。在拟南芥和水稻的光周期诱导途径中, PHYA、CRY1和CRY2基因之间相互作用, 影响生物节律钟GI基因, 从而促进CO基因的表达, CO编码转录因子作用于FT, FT与FD特异结合 (Abe et al., 2005;Wigge et al., 2005;Kim et al., 2008;Pazhouhandeh et al., 2011) , 作用于LFY和AP1, 这些基因的连锁反应导致花器官的发育 (Ahn et al., 2006) 。在该途径中, FT基因起成花素的作用, 它首先在叶片中转录合成FTm RNA并翻译成蛋白, 并通过韧皮部运输到茎尖, 促使茎尖转变为花芽, 从而诱导植物开花 (Chen et al., 2010;Ho and Weigel, 2014) 。  　　1、GI基因的研究进展 　　1.1、GI的结构 　　GI首先在拟南芥中被克隆, 编码1 173个氨基酸 (Park et al., 1999) 。在拟南芥中, gi-1和gi-2突变体表现为极晚花表型, 而gi突变体植株在长日照下表现为晚花, 短日照下表型不明显, 推测GI调节长日照开花。GI也在植物生物钟调控途径中起重要作用, 参与昼夜节律、开花时间和逆境胁迫等一系列植物代谢过程 (Martin-Tryon et al., 2007) 。拟南芥中的GI主要定位在细胞核和细胞质中 (Abe et al., 2008) 。虽然GI不含有任何已知的保守