“朝鲜监护”论的内容及其用意探讨.docxVIP

“朝鲜监护”论的内容及其用意探讨     　　摘要：　17世纪上半叶, 崛起于东北的后金势力对明王朝构成严重威胁。萨尔浒之战后, 明在与后金的军事角逐中连续败北。为恢复辽东, 明廷急需与朝鲜建立掎角之势。但朝鲜光海君因国力疲弱而不堪后金的军事威胁, 摇摆于明与后金之间。基于此, 徐光启在万历末年和天启初年两次提出了监护朝鲜;的方略, 目的是控制朝鲜, 并防止其与后金的联结。与此同时, 辽东经略熊廷弼等人也提出了屯兵练兵朝鲜义州的战略。这是朝贡关系体系动荡时期明廷内部出现的对朝外交政策的一种变通论, 在一定程度上影响了两国间的彼此信任关系。 　　关键词：　徐光启; 监护朝鲜;; 朝贡关系; 　　Abstract：　In the first half of the 17 th century, the Later Jin s forces that rose in the Northeast constituted a serious threat to the Ming Dynasty.After the Battle of Saerhu, Ming Dynasty suffered a succession of defeat in the military competition with the Later Jin.In order to restore Liaodong, Ming Dynasty urgently needed to form a two-sided attack to Later Jin with Chosun Dynasty. However, because of its weak national power, Chosun Dynasty s Guanghai Jun was unable to withstand the military threat of Later Jin and swayed between Ming Dynasty and Later Jin.Based on this, Xu Guangqi proposed the strategy of guardianship of Chosun Dynasty;twice in the last years of Wanli and the early years of Tianqi, with the purpose to control Chosun Dynasty and prevent its connection with the Later Jin. At the same time, Liaodong Jinglue ( a high official) Xiong Tingbi and others also proposed the strategy of stationing and training troops in Yizhou, Chosun.This is a variation of the foreign policy of the Chosun Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty during the turbulent period of the tributary relations system, which affected mutual trust between the two countries to a certain extent. 　　Keyword：　Xu Guangqi; Guardianship of Chosun Dynasty;; Tributary relations; 　　历史上的朝鲜王朝自开国之初就与明王朝建立了朝贡册封关系。其关系的性质，正如明太祖朱元璋所谓:高丽限山隔海，僻处东夷，非我中国所治尔礼部移文谕之，从其自为声教。;1在经历了200余年的和平稳定关系之后，随着明末国内局势的动荡，明廷内部出现了与传统朝贡关系体制相悖的对朝鲜关系论，其中最具代表性的就是徐光启的监护朝鲜;论。徐光启的对朝外交变通论，明廷内部的赞同者虽然不占少数，但并没有引起多大的波澜，而在朝鲜朝廷则引起了极大的震动，朝鲜为此派遣使臣赴京力争，最终这一举措未得以实施。监护朝鲜;论之所以昙花一现，究其原因，朝鲜使臣的作用只是较少的一面，更为重要的缘由则在于此时的明廷在经济、军事等方面已经处于难以为继的地步，尤其是在与后金的战争中又一败涂地，急需与朝鲜形成掎角之势以应对后金。目前学界对于徐光启的监护朝鲜;论，尚无专门研究。笔者认为，这一问题是研究明末朝贡关系体系震荡时期明、朝鲜及后