教学课件 涉外护理英语--徐红莉.ppt

疼痛控制的过程 A.??疼痛评估。 B.??评估使用的麻醉剂的类型和患者术前用药，记录患者在术后麻醉恢复期是否接受了止痛药。 C.??询问疼痛类型和部位。 D.??请患者根据数字疼痛量表估计疼痛程度，量表取值范围为1～10，10为最严重的疼痛。 E.??如果患者不能用数字疼痛量表估计疼痛程度，可使用描述性疼痛评估量表，用语言以描述疼痛的水平，如不疼、轻度疼痛、中度疼痛和严重疼痛。 F.??对于4～5岁的儿童，使用Wong-Baker疼痛量表测定疼痛水平，这个量表给儿童提供了一些面部表情以供选择，借此表明“他/她现在有多疼”。 G.??监测疼痛相关的客观信息，比如面部表情、肢体语言、血压升高和呼吸增快。 H.??询问患者最近一次使用的止疼药的药效。 I.??遵医嘱给予止痛药。 J.??确定使用自控镇痛泵的患者知道如何使用。 K.??如果医生开了阿片类的医嘱，首次给药时，要每隔30分钟评估患者的呼吸频率和疼痛缓解程度。 L.??采取非侵入性措施缓解术后疼痛，如分散注意力、安慰措施、摆体位、按摩背部和提供安静、放松的环境。 M.??记录止痛药的药效和非侵入性缓解疼痛的措施。 Discussion of the nursing topic 1. What may the behavior signs of acute postoperative pain include? Incisional pain, pain at insertion sites of tubes and drains, wound complications orthopaedic procedures, skeletal muscle spasms. 2. What words do you know can describe pain? Pain can be described as aching, cramping, crushing, throbbing, radiating. 3. What kind of pain could each of these words describe? aching cramping crushing throbbing radiating For example, an aching knee, cramping period pain, crushing angina pain, throbbing headache, radiating heart attack pain. Common questions when explaining postoperative painmanagement to a patient or his/her relatives 1. Do you feel any pain right now? 2. How much pain do you feel right now? 3. Can you tell me where exactly the pain is? 4. How long have you had the pain for? 5. How would you rate your pain out of ten? 6. What kind of pain is it? (sharp/dull/heavy/tight/cramping/tearing/throbbing...) 7. Is there anything that makes the pain better or worse? Practice of the task (Mike Copper was the victim of an attack and underwent a fractured zygoma and multiple lacerations to his arms and chest. After surgery he is in pain and requires careful pain management.) Astra: Hello! Mike. How are you feeling now? Mike: Oh, not good. Everything hurts. Astra: Mm; I can understand. You’ve got lots of cuts and bruises. Can you tell me where the pain is? Mike: Yeah. My head, my cheek...um, the broken cheek, I mean. My arms hurt where t