普通地质学3.4 Basis and dimension普通地质学.pdf

Basis and dimensionBasis and dimension Introduction We showed that a spanning set for a vector space is minimal if its elements are linearly independent. The elements of a minimal spanning set form the basic building blocks for the whole vector space, and building blocks for the whole vector space, and consequently, we say that they form a basis for the vector space. In this section we will give the definitions of basis and dimension of a vector space, show more properties of linearly independent vectors. Outline 1. Definition of a basis for a vector space 2. Definition of dimension of a vector space 3. Properties of linearly independent vectors Definition of a basis for a vector space The vectors v , v , ···, v form a basis for a vector 1 2 n space V if and only if (i) v , v , ···, v are linearly independent. 11 22 nn (ii) v , v , ···, v span V. 1 2 n 3 Ex. e , e , e form a basis for R . 1 2 3 2 3 1, x, x , x form a basis for P4. Examples of bases for vector spaces Ex. In fact R3 has many bases. {e , e , e }: standard basis. 1 2 3  1 1 1              Another basis :  0 , 1 , 1 .             00 00 11       3 × Remark. 3 vectors form a basis for R if the 3 3 matrix with those columns is invertible. 3