howtowriteasummary如何写文章概要.pptVIP

How to Write a Summary Sept. 6, 2017 Definition of Summary ? A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. When one writes a summary, one should not interpret or comment. All one has to do is to give the gist (general meaning) of the authors exact and essential meaning. Uses of Summary Writing ? Summary writing is a very good exercise for improving reading comprehension. ? Summary writing is also helpful to composition writing. ? Summary writing is necessary for your future professions. Procedure 1. Reading 2. Writing 3. Revision 1. Reading ? First read the passage through carefully to get the gist of it. ? Give a title to your summary. ? You should now be in a position to decide what parts of the passage are essential and what parts are comparatively unimportant and can be omitted without much loss. ? Write down in brief notes the main points: the subject, the title, and the essential or important details. 2. Writing ? A summary should usually be about one-third to one-fourth as long as the original passage, but for a summary of a novel or a play, one- hundredth or even one-thousandth of the length of the original book. ? The summary should be all in your own words. ? You should follow the logical order of the original passage, if possible. ? Summary writing is an exercise in compression. ① Omit the details. ② Reduce the examples. ③ Simplify the descriptions. ④ Eliminate all repetitions. ⑤ Compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words. ⑥ Use general words instead of specific words. ⑦ Use the shortest possible transitions. ⑧ Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech. 3. Revision ? Compress it by omitting unnecessary words and phrases. ? Correct mistakes in spelling and grammar.