chap4质点动力学的运动定律1见面.ppt

Stable equilibrium 稳定平衡条件： 0 0 / 2 2 ? ? dx U d dx dU U(x) x O A hypothetical potential energy function 假想的势能曲线 Summary on potential energy (1)Work done by a conservative force can be represented in terms of a potential energy (2)Potential energy is a shared property of the system, not one particle. (3) Components of force are In vector form V V V W ? ? ? ? ? 0 ). ( z V k y V j x V i gradV F ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . , , z V F y V F x V F z y x ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Kinetic energy ( 动能 ) ? Energy associated with the motion is T= 1/2 mv 2 ? A moving object has the ability to do work ? A scalar quantity T= 1/2 mv 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( 2 2 1 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( T d mv d z m y m x m d dz z m dy y m dx x m dz F dy F dx F r d F z y x ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . 1 2 W T T ? ? Work-energy theorem: The work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the particle s kinetic energy 动能定理 : 运动质点的动能的增加等于其它物体对它所 做的功 . ? Kinetic energy T=1/2mv 2 is also the ability to do work 运动质点速度改变而所作出的功 . ) ( 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( 2 2 1 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( 2 1 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( mv mv mv r r m d r d r m dt r r m r d r m r d F r d f W ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 质点 物 物 质点 ? ? ? ? F f ? ? 牛顿第三定律 : 运动质点的 1/2mv 2 值的减少正等于它所做的功 . . ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ? ? ? r d f W ? ? 运动质点以力 f ???? 施于它物所作功 : Conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒原理 Work-energy theorem: The total work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the particle s kinetic energy Potential energy: . 1 2 T T W tot ? ? ). ( 1 2 V V W con ? ? ? ). ( then If 1 2 1 2 V V T T W W con tot ? ? ? ? ? . 1 1 2 2 V T V T ? ? ? ? Mechanical energy is conserved when only conservati