广外美国文学复习资料.docx

PAGE PAGE 1 美国文学复习总结 Puritanism—Early American Literature (1492-1776) 大背景： [考] 清教的主要宗教信条： 1) Total depravity (original sine; everyone is born evil); 2) Limited Atonement (Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone) 3) Irresistible Grace (God’s grace is freely given, it can be denied or earned) 4) Predestination (God had predestined all events) American Puritanism：1) idealism in religious belief; 2)utilitarianism in religious piety (eg: Benjamin Franklin) Jonathan Edwards 作家简介：a preacher and the most sensitive stylist文体家 in American Puritanism. 著名作品：Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 文体风格：powerful in the use of logic and creative in the use of metaphor [考] 清教主要宗教信条在文中的体现： （本文中心思想）--terrorize the listeners with visions of unregenerate men dangled over the pit of hell by an angry God. --exposition of God’s vindictive justice and man’s natural corruption --utter dependence of God --awake in listeners a new sense of sin --prepare them to receive God’s grace Transcendentalism 大背景：[考] 超验主义的主张: 1) The transcendence of the Oversoul (God) 2) The infinitude of man and human perfectibililty 3) Nature as a symbol of God Ralph Waldo Emerson 作家简介：--(名声)Emerson has been called “the one citizen of the New World fit to have his name uttered in the same breath with that of Plato”; the birth of true American poetry --(写作风格) Emersonian paragraph: the sentences are not logically linked but they existed in the paragraph; tends to repeat his ideas in various ways, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph, gaining momentum as his thoughts soar. 作品：Self-Reliance [考] 文中的自助精神；爱默生是如何围绕这一主题展开论述的 --(主题) trust oneself; never imitate others; not to be a conformist; the terror that scares people from self-trust is consistency optimistic trust in human nature --(文风) seem to lack organization but easy to understand. --(一些摘抄) 1. To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for