虚拟语气讲解及练习.doc

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： 表示与…事实相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 过去 过去完成式(had +done) should /would/could/might + have done 现在 过去式(did) (be常用 were) should/would/could/might +动词原形(do) 将来 ①过去式 (did) ②should + do ③were to do 1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were/should/were to be sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) （一）、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. ----- Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. ----- Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. （二）、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去) （三）、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. [即学即练] 1. I didn’ t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________________ (come), she would have met my brother. 2. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there ________________ (be) more deaths. 3. ________(be) I in good health, I ___________ (go) with you tomorrow. 4. You wouldn’ t have said that, if you _________ (believe) me. 5. ______ it ________ (not be) for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress. 6. What would you have done if you __________ (be) in my position? 7. Had he studied hard, he _____________ (pass) the exam. 8. If