现代机械设计 .pptxVIP

三、产品的全生命周期评估（LCA); 1、生命周期评估内容与标准;1990年由“国际环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC)”首次主持召开了有关生命周期评价的国际研讨会。在该会议上首次提出了“生命周期评价”的概念。 ;LCA的工作内容与程序;ISO14000－管理性标准; ISO14000系列标准主要组成The Main Components of ISO14000 Series;ISO14000在中国的推行 The Development of ISO14000 In China;标准号 Standard;中国全生命周期的标准Chinese Standard of Life Cycle;2、中国生命周期评估应用现状the present application status of LCA in China ; 广西木薯乙醇车用燃料发展计划全生命周期评估案例the case of LCA to a research plan in Guangxi, which is aimed to get ethanol from distilling the cassava and then develop a fuel for automobile substitute for gasoline;生物质乙醇车用燃料发展的背景The development background of ethanol as vehicle fuel;GuangXI locates in south China;大部分土地不宜种粮食，但适宜种木薯Most of the soil is not suitable for rice plant, however it is wonderful for the growing of cassava;木薯：过去苦难的象征； 今后致富的财源。;发展木薯乙醇车用燃料，使广西农民脱贫致富Making money from developing the cassava ethanol industry 广西政府的战略项目Guangxi government stratagem program;木薯的种植与收获 growing and harvest of cassava 木薯的运输 transportation of cassava 木薯酒精生产 producing of cassava ethanol 酒精的运输 transportation of ethanol 酒精与汽油或柴油的混合 mixture of ethanol, gasoline and diesel 酒精燃料的分配 allocation of ethanol fuel ;LCA的第一步 定义、建模the first step of LCA: Definition, modeling ;2 ）建立模型 modeling method;;;;3）定义边界条件 definition of boundary condition;LCA的第二步 清单设计与总量计算the second step of LCA: List designing and gross calculation;1）建立环境影响计算清单 Design the calculating list of environmental impacts ;2 ）建立能源影响计算清单Design the calculating list of energy influence;3 ）建立成本计算清单 Design the calculation list of cost;4 ）进行总量计算 total calculation;LCA的第三步 3E评估the third step of LCA: 3E evaluation;燃料乙醇生命周期排放Life cycle discharge of ethanol fuel;2 ）能源影响评估 evaluation of energy impact;每吨乙醇的净能量Y The net output energy for 1 ton ethanol Y Y=吨乙醇所含能量－生产一吨乙醇所消耗能量 Y=the energy of 1 ton ethanol-the energy cost 乙醇在我国不是能与汽油相比的能源 In China, there is no possible for ethanol to share the fuel market with gasoline.;3 ）经济影响评估evaluation of economy influence ;LCA的第四步 分析