定语从句知识结构图.docx

语法专题五：定语从句 B —_■* 定语从句在复合句中作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰的词为先行词。 关系代词的用法 指代对象 人 事物 人+事物 主格 who/that which/that that 宾格 who/that/whom which/that that 所有格 Whose whose/of which 1 .只用that不用which ?(1)介词+which+从句，在此结构中因介词提前不能用 that代替which，当介 词不提前时方可。此结构可用关系副词代替“介词 +which - :. vjj..： The chair on which she sat is made of wood. The chair which /that she sat on is made of wood. ?(2)先行词本身是that /those What s that which flashed in the sky just now 2?关系代词只能用that笛湖 ? (1)先行词为“ all”，“ everything ” , “nothing ”，“ little “ much ” 等不定代词。 ? eg. There is something that you can borrow. ? (2)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰。 ? eg. This is the very place that I want to find. ? The last place that we visited was a factory. ?(3)先行词被形容词的最高级修饰。 ? eg.This is the best book that I have ever read. ?(4)先行词为两种或两种以上不同的事物。先行词若为分别表 示人和事物的名词，也只能用that引导定语从句。 ? eg.She gave me some books and a pen that I n eed. ?(5 )先行词被序数词修饰。 ? eg.This is the sec ond article that I wrote in En glish. ? (6)主句是以who或which幵头的特殊问句时。 ? eg.Who is the pers on that is sta nding at the door? -3.as引导的定语从句 * \ （1）asf故关系代词、关系副词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中充 当主语、表语、状语，常使用的有以下结构： the same…as such…as, as man y...as, as much…as, as.. as ? He bought such a book as I have.（a做 宾语） ?You should do it the same way as I did.（a做状语） （2） as引导非限制性定语从句，常见习语: ?as an ybody can see?as we all know?as is known to all?as we had expected（正如人人都能看到的那样） ?as an ybody can see ?as we all know ?as is known to all ?as we had expected （众所周知） （正如我们预料的那样） ?as is reported in the newspaper （正如报纸报道的那样 ） ?as is ofte n the case （正如经常发生的那样 ..关系副词的用法 关系副词when, where, why分别表示时间、地点、原因, 在从句中作状语，其先行词一般是分别表示时间、地点、 原因的名词。 ? r II tell you the time whe n I reach your school. t come is that he was ill.?The reas on why he did n t come is that he was ill. ?The reas on why you failed is clear. ?This is the room where they held the meeti ng. ? I will n ever forget the day whe n I joined the party. ?The reason why he didn t come is that he caught a fever. 三、“介词+关系代 1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配