萨尔瓦多国际经济学英文课件3 new trade theory.pptVIP

Chapter 3 New Trade Theory Chapter Structure 1. Intra-Industry Trade（产业内贸易） 2. Economies of Scale and International Trade 3. Imperfect Competition and International Trade 4. Theory of Demand Similarity（需求偏好相似理论） 5. Product Life Cycle Theory（产品生命周期理论） 1. Intra-Industry Trade What is Intra-Industry Trade? Intra-Industry Trade is two-way trade in which the country both exports and imports the same or very similar products (products in the same industry). 产业内贸易指相同或非常相似产品（相同产业生产的产品）的双向贸易。 1. Intra-Industry Trade 1. Intra-Industry Trade Index of Intra-industry Trade （产业内贸易指数） Measuring the level of intra-industry trade X and M represent the value of exports and imports of a particular industry. The value of IIT ranges from 0 to 1. IIT=0, No intra-industry trade IIT=1, intra-industry trade is maximum 1. Intra-Industry Trade New Trade Theory Economies of Scale (External Internal) and Imperfect Competition Theory of Demand Similarity Product Life Cycle Theory Chapter Structure 1. Intra-Industry Trade（产业内贸易） 2. Economies of Scale and International Trade 3. Imperfect Competition and International Trade 4. Theory of Demand Similarity（需求偏好相似理论） 5. Product Life Cycle Theory（产品生命周期理论） 2. Economies of Scale and  International Trade 2.1 Definition and Classification of Economies of Scale 2.2 External Economies and International Trade 2.1 Definition and Classification of  Economies of Scale What is Economies of Scale? Economies of Scale, or increasing returns to scale, exist if increasing expenditures on all inputs (with input prices constant) increases the output quantity by a larger percentage. Therefore, the average cost of producing each unit of output declines, as output increases. 规模经济,是指在产出的某一范围内，平均成本随着产出的增加而递减的现象。 2.1 Definition and Classification of  Economies of Scale Classification Internal Economies of Scale（内部规模经济） External Economies of Scale （外部规模经济） 2.1 Definition and Classification of