疾病与人类健康.pptVIP

2021/3/23 * □ SARS:严重急性呼吸系统综合症（severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS),由SARS冠状病毒引起, （2003年4月首次报道）,主要症状有高烧、咳嗽、呼吸困难等。 □ SARS冠状病毒基因组:单股正链RNA □ SARS病毒传播:主要经过紧密接触传播,以近距离飞沫传播为主,也可通过手接触呼吸道分泌物,经口鼻眼传播,另有研究发现存在粪-口传播的可能。是否还有其他传播途径尚不清楚。 2021/3/23 * 第六节 基因治疗 一、基因治疗的概念 基因治疗（gene therapy）:是指将外源正常基因导入靶细胞,以纠正或补偿因基因缺陷和异常引起的疾病,从而达到治疗疾病目的的生物医学高技术。 Cellular proto-oncogenes have been found in multiple copies in various tumors and transformed cell lines. The amplified proto-oncogene copies can occur in homogeneously staining chromosomal regions or double-minute chromosomes. The mechanism of gene amplification is not fully understood, illegitimate DNA replication occurring more than once during a single cell cycle could account for the increase of multiple segments (amplification units) of DNA from 200 to 2000 kb in size. All amplified proto-oncogenes express high levels of the corresponding RNA and protein and appear to be unrearranged. The amplified proto-oncogene is frequently tumor-specific; for example, N-myc or c-myc may be associated with the progression of neuroblastomas and small cell lung carcinoma cells. This suggests that increased expression of these proto-oncogenes plays a role in the development and progression of these tumors. The size of the HIV genome is similar to that of other retroviruses but it is more complex. There is no oncogene but there are extra open reading frames which do code for protein. In all 15 proteins are encoded in HIV and they are made because antibodies to them can be found in patients. These extra open reading frames are not typical of retroviruses such as RSV. These extra open reading frames give a clue to the complex lifestyle of HIV. Note that some of them are encoded in two or more exons so there will have to be multiple splice events to make the final RNA. Could these be a site for intervention in the replication of the virus? 2021/3/23 * 一、艾滋病的概念与HIV 病毒粒子的形态结构 艾滋病全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症 简写为AIDS（acquired immunodeficie