民航广播词训练颠簸广播433140051颠簸及颠簸产生的原因.pptx

国家级专业教学资源库——空中乘务;Turbulence颠簸广播：颠簸产生的原因;1. Public address system 广播系统 In an airplane, there is a public address system. This system has a microphone and a loudspeaker which makes it possible to speak to many people at the same time. It is part of the plane’s intercom-system. There are intercom stations in the passenger cabin as well as in the cockpit, or the pilot’s cabin. This allows the pilots of the airline to speak privately to any of the flight attendants. The crew can communicate with the cockpit over the intercom. Passengers or anyone else who is not listening over the headphone of the intercom cannot hear what is being said.;2. Turbulence 颠簸 Turbulence may make people feel uncomfortable, but it is normal. People often misunderstand turbulence. When encountering turbulence, nervous passengers feel the plane is “falling” out of the sky. It is natural for them to only feel the “down” bumps. But for every “down” there bumpy road, imagine you are a passenger on a plane and how you would consider it to be “bad” turbulence. Now take a look at the road. How big are the bumps on the roadway to create the rough ride? The air is usually very smooth. But sometimes some small ripples can make it feel like “bad” turbulence!; Wind flowing over obstacles such as mountains can cause turbulence. It is kind of like water flowing in a river with small eddies. A common winter time turbulence occurrence is called “mountain waves”. This is produced downwind from a mountain range when the winter jet stream is at a lower altitude. The air mass in the mountain wave will flow up and down a little bit like sea swells. This can cause turbulence and is typical east of the Rocky Mountains. Weather forecasters are very good at predicting this type of turbulence because it is easy to track the location of the jet stream. Airlines may change the cruising altitude to minimize its annoying affects.; Turbulence can also be caused by shifting wind currents in the sky. When y