高级英语课文译文修订版.docxVIP

集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN] 集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN] 高级英语课文译文 Lesson2 The Game of the Name By Peter Farb 　　Here comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though he is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use John Smith Dr. Smith A decision such as this is usually made unconsciously. 　　As native speakers in the American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical rules of American-English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about members of our speech community. 　　Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being addressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have unconsciously assimilated can safely be ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula Title plus Last Name (TLN). 　　But defining a “child” is not always easy. I address my sons roommate at college by Uneven though he is an adult under the law. I, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75-year-old acquaintance who calls me Pete. 　　Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation. 　　If the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social Identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr. Smith (or sometimes simply as Doctor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital.(I am allowed to call him if my status is at least as high as his or if we are frie