量子物理课堂习题.docxVIP

量子物理课堂习题 Lecture 1: 旧量子论 求氘原子Hα线n=2到 n=3 Ce的逸出功是1.9eV, 求阈值频率和波长 对于氢原子、一次电离的氦离子 He+和两次电离的锂粒子 Li++,分别计算它们的： 第一、第二波尔轨道半径及电子在这些轨道上的速度 电子在基态的结合能 第一激发态退激到基态所放光子的波长 Lecture 2：波粒二象性不确定性原理 已知琴弦振动的驻波条件为nλ2=a（n＝1，2，…, a 为弦长）。按照“定态即驻波”的说法，束缚在长宽高分别为 a，b，c 的三维势箱中的粒子(质量为 一原子的激发态发射波长为 600nm 的光谱线，测得波长的精度为?λ/λ=10-7 1，3—丁二烯分子长度a≈7?，试用测不准关系估计其基电子态能级的大小（量级） Lecture 3: 波函数薛定谔方程 下列哪些函数不是品优函数，说明理由：f 试写出下列体系的定态薛定谔方程：（a）He 原子（b）H2 分子 写出一个被束缚在半径为a的圆周上运动的粒子的 Schr?dinger 方程，并求其解 Lecture 4: 势箱模型 （2.7）Consider a particle with quantum number n moving in a one-dimensional box of length l. (a) Determine the probability of finding the particle in the left quarter of the box. (b)For what value of n is this probability a maximum? (c) What is the limit of this probability for n→∞? (d) What principle is illustrated in (c)? （2.17）A crude treatment of the pi electrons of a conjugated molecule regards these electrons as moving in the particle-in-a-box potential of Fig. 2.1, where the box length is somewhat more than the length of the conjugated chain. The Pauli exclusion principle (Chapter 10) allows no more than two electrons to occupy each box level. (These two have opposite spins.) For 1,3-butadiene, CH2 =CHCH=CH2, take the box length as 7.0 A? and use this model to estimate the wavelength of light absorbed when a p electron is excited from the highest-occupied to the lowest-vacant box level of the molecular electronic ground state. The experimental value is 217 nm. (2.18) For the particle in a one-dimensional box of length 1, we could have put the coordinate origin at the center of the box. Find the wave functions and energy levels for this choice of origin. 试用一维势箱模型(6个电子)计算如下分子的电子光谱最大吸收波长（第一吸收峰）。 边长等于 L 的三维立方无限深势箱中，写出质量为m粒子对应的波函数、及其能量，并给出能量小于等于 12 h2 / 8mL2的可能的状态数。 Lecture 5: 谐振子 （4.11）Use the recursion relation (4.46) to find the ν=3 normalized harmonic-oscillator wave function. （4.20）(a)The three-dimensional harmonic oscillator has the potential-energy function V=12 (b) If kx （4.19）Find the eige