被动语态的基本用法(已整理).pdfVIP

被动语态的基本用法 (一 ) 语 态 分 类 英语动词有两种语态 .，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语 态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语中常用“被” “由”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： “助动词 be + 动词的过去分词”构成。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. ( 主动 ) A new bridge will be built over the river. ( 被动 ) (二 ) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在 be 上 ,实义动词始终用过去分词形式。 歌诀：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。例如： 一般现在时： am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. （主动语态） Rice is grown （by people ） in the south of the country. （被动语态） (2)We water flowers every day. Flowers are watered (by us) every day. 一般过去时： was / were + 动词的过去分词 He opened the door. 他开了门。 (主动语态 ) The door was opened. 门被开了。 (被动语态 ) 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 +be+动词的过去分词 (1)You must hand in your homework after class. Your homework must be handed in after class. (2)He can write many letters with the computer. Many letters can be written with the computer by him. 一般将来时： shall / will + be+ 动词的过去分词 或者 is/are going to+ 动词的过去分词 (1)They will hold a meeting tomorrow. A meeting will be held (by them) tomorrow. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. 过去将来时： should / would + be done 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done 现在完成时： have / has + been + done 过去完成时： had + been + done 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + done (三 )被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的 ) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (四)主动语态变被动语态的方法 歌诀：一勾二变三换位（关键在于勾出谓语动词，并确定是什么时态） 一勾：勾出原句谓语动词；二变： 把谓语变成被动结构 (be＋动词过去分词 ) ，时态、人称和 数的变化主要体现在 be 上 ；三换位：把主动语态的宾语变成主语，主语变成