白内障幻灯片.pptxVIP

打一疾病;cataract;教学目的; What is cataract?;LENS;causes;Pathogenesis;;;Clinical Findings;Eye Exam;Slit lamp ;classification ;Age-related cataract;There are three major types of cataract that are named depending on the location within the lens that is most affected. These are cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular. A given lens may have components of all three types of cataract. 根据晶状体开始出现混浊的部位，老年性白内障分为3种类型：皮质性、核性及后囊下白内障。一个晶状体可能同时发生这3型白内障。 ;Cortical cataract;Incipient stage 初发期;初发期;Intumescent stage 肿胀期;肿胀期;Mature stage 成熟期;成熟期;Hypermature Stage 过熟期;The dark brown, mature nucleus which sinks inferiorly in the fluid filled capsular sac due to the forces of gravity. is called a Morgagnian cataract. 过熟期，棕黄色的晶状体核在囊内因重力而下沉，称 为Morgagnian白内障。 核下沉可使患者视力突然提高。 ;过熟期;;Morganian; This slide shows a lens that has been removed at surgery. ;Nuclear cataract;核性白内障;Posterior subcapsular cataract; 后囊下型白内障;Congenital Cataract;Etiology 病因学;;Clinical findings临床表现 ;后极部白内障;冠状白内障;核性白内障;Treatment;Traumatic cataract外伤性白内障;眼球钝挫伤所致白内障;眼球穿通伤所致的白内障;电击所致的白内障;TREATMENT;metabolic cataract代谢性白内障;糖尿病性白内障Diabetic cataract;治 疗;半乳糖性白内障Galactose cataract ;诊断与治疗;手足搐搦性白内障tetany cataract ;临床表现：有手足搐搦、骨质软化和白内障三项典型改变。双眼晶体皮质前后皮质内有辐射状或条纹状混浊，与囊膜间有透明带隔开。囊膜下可见红、绿或蓝色结晶微粒。 诊断：有甲状腺手术史或营养障碍史，血钙过低，血磷升高。 治疗：给以足量的维生素D、钙剂，纠正低血钙，白内障明显时，可行手术治疗。;Complicated cataract并发性白内障;常有眼部原发病的表现。 眼前段炎症疾病所致的由前皮质开始混浊。;眼后段炎症所致 在晶体后极部囊膜下皮质、晶体核中心部和周边部呈放射状，玫瑰花样混浊。 ;Drug-induced /toxic cataract药物或中毒性白内障;After Cataract 后发性白内障;After-cataract treatment;The neodymium: YAG laser provides a noninvasive method for discission of the posterior capsule. Nd : YAG激光囊膜切开术是一种后囊切开的非侵入性方法。 Pulses of laser energy creat a small hole in the posterior capsule in the pupillary axis. 激光能量瞬间传入靶组织引起小的“爆发”，于瞳孔轴心的后囊内造成一个小洞。 ;Cataract Treatment; 手术适应症 ;术前准备;What happens before surgery?;术前检查;白内障手术; 手术方法;ECCE+IOL;Phacoemulsification;Complications 手术并发症;Cataract Surgery;Inserting the new lens;白内障术后的视力矫正;Intraocular Lens;;Anterior