海洋生物学课件：Diurnal vertical migration.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?Comparisons of Zooplankton Sampling Methods Found that type of pump greatly influences the sample. Samples collected from manholes provided most efficient representative samples; pumps collected more diverse fauna, especially crustacean larvae, than did nets (perhaps due to light-induced bias). But pumps were not significantly better such that they outweighed the practical advantage of using nets. In line and sounding pipe samples were inferior to manhole samples. Compared several pump and plankton net configurations. Found small cone-shaped plankton net to be most efficient. Recommended 55μm mesh size to capture larval mollusks and crustaceans. ?Comparisons of Zooplankton Sampling Methods Challenges to Measuring Treatment Effects Some taxa are not sampled as well as others because they are much rarer or evade nets, but sometimes these rare taxa are invasive and may be resistant to some treatments. Zooplankton (and treatment effects) in ballast can be heterogeneously distributed. Conclusion: small nets deployed through manholes are the best way to sample zooplankton aboard ships. Quick live vs dead assays may not be accurate (does “moribund” = dead?)—but fixed samples do not measure viability. Resistant stages are probably poorly sampled in net sampling (e.g., they may be on the bottom and nets cannot often reach the bottom). It may be hard to measure densities at accepted standards (e.g., IMO standard of 10 individuals/cubic meter). Challenges to Measuring Treatment Effects Barnacles Octopus Bivalves Decapods (crabs, shrimps) Polychaetes Rare or Evasive Taxa: Meroplankton Rare Seasonally Abundant Rare or Evasive Taxa: Holoplankton Jelly Plankton Copepods Cladoceran Mysid Shrimp Larvaceans Other Crustaceans Rare Seasonally Abundant Always Abundant Electrochemical Chlorine Treatment (4.0mg/L Bromide) Rare taxa can be more resistant to treatment than abundant taxa Dealing With Rare But Potentially Invasive Taxa Use other ass