海洋生物学课件：zoo1.pptVIP

* * * Fig. 19.25 * Fig. 19.1 * Fig. 19.9 * Fig. 19.16 * * * Fig. 19.15 * Subclasses Branchiura Copepoda Ostracoda Clade Oligostraca includes Mystacocarida Ostracoda Branchiura Pentastomida Order Amphipoda – many marine, terrestrial freshwater forms. Amphipods resemble isopods: Lack a carapace, have sessile compound eyes, and one pair of maxillipeds. However, they are compressed laterally. Development is direct. Amphipod(端足类） -shrimp-like smaller than Ghost Shrimp so can be placed under higher magnification more easily. Observe heart beat, respiration, blood cells. Ostracods are enclosed in a two part carapace and look a bit like a clam. Marine or freshwater. Mostly benthic. Clade Vericrustacea includes Branchiopoda Copepoda Thecostraca Malacostraca Includes three orders: Anostraca – fairy shrimp and brine shrimp, no carapace. Notostraca – tadpole shrimp, carapace forms a large dorsal shield. Diplostraca – water fleas – carapace encloses body but not head. Flattened appendages Central body appendages serve respiratory function (gill-like) Order Notostraca (tadpole shrimp) Order Anostraca (fairy shrimp) Order Cladocera(water fleas – Daphnia) Planktonic crustaceans include many species of copepods which are among the most numerous of all animals. They lack a carapace. Retain the simple maxillopodan eye in adults. Antennules used in swimming. Very diverse. Parasitic forms highly modified and reduced - often unrecognizable as arthropods. Free-living copepods may be the dominant consumer. Marine copepod Calanus is most abundant organism in zooplankton by biomass. Cyclops and Diaptomus important elements of freshwater plankton. Some free-living copepods are intermediate hosts of human parasitic tapeworms and nematodes. Holoplankton: spend entire life in the water column (pelagic) Meroplankton: spend only part of their life in the pelagic environment, mostly larval forms of invertebrates and fish Ichthyoplankton: fish eggs and fish larvae Dinoflagellates: heterotrop