动词不定式做主语宾语-及双宾语结构教学提纲.pdfVIP

精品文档 动词不定式 (the infinitive )用法梳理（ 1） 定义： 动词不定式是由“不定式符号 to+ 动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 结构： “to + 动词原形”，即 “to do ”, 其中 to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没 有人称和数的变化。 否定形式为 ： not / never + to do 句法功能： 一、 用作主语 1 ○ 多数情况用 it 作形式主语， 把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末 ，特别是不定式短语较长时。 E.g. To learn English wellis not easy.= It ’s not easyto learn English well. 1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. 2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 2 ○ 动词不定式作主语， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 To seeis to believe.( 眼见为实；百闻不如一见 ) 【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。 . 3 ○ 疑问词 +不定式短语 作主语可置于句首。 How to learn English well is important. 补充：用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ① It ＋be＋名词＋ to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③ It ＋be＋形容词＋ for sb ＋to do 逻辑主语 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. ④ It ＋be＋形容词＋ of sb＋to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything ”， the teacher says. 注意： 在③中 ，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如： difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等； 在④中 ， 常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等 表示赞扬或批评的词， 强 调对人的评价。 在不定式前的 sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于 Sb. is＋形容词＋ to do 句式 ， 如： Its kind of you to help me with my English. = You are kind to help me with my English. ⑤ It seems(appears)＋形容词＋ to do It seemed impossible to save money. 精品文档 精品文档 【练习】 1. It ’s very nice of them