初中英语被动语态讲义(精品).docx

PAGE PAGE # 被动语态讲义（一）（二）被动语态（一） 一、基本知识。 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态（the Active Voice） 被动语态（the Passive Voice） 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 We pla nted the tree. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 The tree was pla nted by us. 汉语中常用 被” 给” 由” 受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词（+by ）构成。 （一） 被动语态基本用法： 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。 （二） 被动语态的基本结构： 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词+bv构成，当不想强调动作执行者时，by可 省略，时态通过be表现出来。 be +过去分词 动词过去分词的变化: 现则动词的过*分词: 1） 殷帖况在动诃原形荊加cd 5vntch一wakhed 2） 以不发 ne^iM的加-齢 pi acHee- practiced 3） 以辅咅加尾的，去y变ilflLed茸fudy MudiEd stop—-stopped4） 以匝读闭咅节结尾.末甩只冇 个轴體了俳，先或可该 辅音字母， stop—-stopped 不理则动词的宝丄去分询: isa it was weiT 丿 is a it was weiT 丿 卜 been Lave ? h;id go —gone w rite—? v it tic ii 注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态 注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态 We speuk English.English is spoken by We speuk English. English is spoken by us. 主动语态 被动语态 主语 谓语 Thev cleaned the classroom Thev cleaned the classroom yesterdav. 昨夫他们打扌彳r教室。 I he classioom was cleaned by them yesterday, 昨天教室被他们打扫了。 不同时态的具体结构： 一般现在时：is /am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Now En glish by more and more people all over the word. speaks is spoke n was spoke n 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 The lost boy at the street corner last ni ght. was found is found was looked for 3. 现在完成时： has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 Three bridges since last year. have built were built have been built 4. 一般将来时： will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 be going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 More man-made satellites in the future. will send up will be sent up are sent up 含有情态动词：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 Flowers every day. has been watered should be watered should water 6. 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The students are cleaning the classroom now. The classroom is being cleaned now. 现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning 变为 is being cleaned) 7. 过去进行时： was / were + being + done The workers were mending the road at that time yesterday. The road was being mended at that time yesterday. 昨天那个时候这些工人正在修路。 歌诀：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面 （三）主动语态变被动语态： （1） 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的丄语； （2） 把谓语动词变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根 据被动语态句子里的丄语的人称和数，以及原来 主动语态句子中动诃的时态来决定的形式）。 （3） 把主