容易理解错的英语句子结构.docVIP

容易理解错的英语句子结构 在英语中,有些句子在不同的上下文中具有不同的语义,原因在于对句子的某个成分可以做不同的解释,因此就会影响学生对内容的理解。在中学阶段这种结构上的歧义常见的有以下几种： 　　一、从句 　　1. if引导的从句 　　Write and tell me if you can come. 　　●如果你能来,来信告知。=If you can come, write and tell me. 　　●来信告知是否你能来。=Write and tell me whether you can come. 　　2. when, before引导的从句 　　How do you know when there is wind? 　　●你怎么知道什么时候有风呢? (宾语从句) 　　●有风的时候,你怎么知道呢? (状语从句) 　　3.比较简单状语从句的简略形式 　　(1) She loves the cat more than her husband. 　　●她比她丈夫更加爱猫。=She loves the cat more than her husband loves the cat. 　　●她爱猫甚于爱她丈夫。=She loves the cat more than she loves her husband. 　　(2) I like English as much as my daughter. 　　●我和我女儿同样喜欢英语。=I like English as my dau ghter does. 　　●我喜欢英语如同我喜欢女儿一般。=I like English as much as I like my daughter. 　　4.关系代词引导的定语从句 　　(1) She sang a folk song at the concert, which was a success. 　　●她在一个相当成功的音乐会上唱一支民歌。(定语从句修饰the concert) 　　●她在一个音乐会上唱一支民歌,获得了成功。(定语从句修饰整个句子) 　　(2) It is the book that I bought last week. 　　●这是我上星期买的那本书。(that引导定语从句) 　　●我上星期买的正是这本书。(It is…that…强调句型) 　　二、短语 　　1.分词短语或分词 　　(1) Do you notice the old man smoking? 　　●你注意到那位老人在抽烟吗? =Do you notice that the old man is smoking? 　　●你注意到那位抽烟的老人吗? =Do you notice the old m an who is smoking? 　　(2) He found a boy hidden behind the door. 　　●他发现躲在门后的一个男孩。=He found a boy who was hidden behind the door. 　　●他发现一个男孩躲在门后。=He found that a boy was hidden behind the door. 　　2.动词不定式短语或动词不定式 　　(1) The police were told to stop drinking by midnight. 　　●警察奉命在午夜时阻止他人喝酒。=The police were told to stop other people from drinking by midnight. 　　●上级命令警察在午夜时不准喝酒。=The police were told to stop their own drinking by midnight. 　　(2) He wants a girl to do housework. 　　●他要一个做家务的女仆。(不定式短语作定语) 　　●为了做家务,他要一个女仆。(不定式短语作状语) 　　3.介词短语 　　I saw her in the library. 　　●我在图书馆看见了她。(介词短语做状语) 　　●我看见她在图书馆。(介词短语做宾补) 　　三、现在进行时和将来完成时 　　President Bush is visiting that country. 　　●布什总统要访问那个国家。 　　●布什总统正在访问那个国家。 　　四、否定句 　　1. I didn’t go because I was afraid. 　　●我并不是因为害怕而去的。 　　●我