分子生物学05真核转录.pptxVIP

Chapter 5 . Transcription RNA Processing  in Eukaryotic cells;1. RNA polymerase: 3 types ;RNA polymerases II;2. Promoter ; ;Deletion analysis shows that the promoter for 5S RNA genes is internal; initiation occurs a fixed distance (~55 bp) upstream of the promoter. ; RNA polymerase III has a internal promoter ;Promoter structure of RNA polymerase III ;Promoter structure of RNA polymerase III ; Promoter structure of RNA polymerase II ;The assembles at the promoter ;Promoters for RNA polymerase II have short sequence elements ;;Promoters for RNA polymerase II have short sequence elements ;Promoters for RNA polymerase II have short sequence elements ;3. Enhancer;4. RNA processing; mRNA processing;Splicing ;Splicing ;; Splicing occurs in two stages, in which the 5’ exon is separated and then is joined to the 3’ exon. ;; 5’ Capping ;Poly(A) tial adds ~200 A residues to the free 3′-OH end of the mRNA; catalyzed by the enzyme poly(A) polymerase the poly(A)-binding proteins (PABP) binds on poly(A) tail, One PABP monomer of ~70 kD is bound every 10-20 bases of the poly(A) tail. Removal of the poly(A) tail precedes the degradation of certain mRNAs; The ability of the poly(A) to protect mRNA against degradation requires binding of the PABP. Removal of poly(A) inhibits the initiation of translation. However, there are many examples in early embryonic development where polyadenylation of a particular mRNA is correlated with its translation. ;snRNA (small nuclear RNA) is any one of many small RNA species confined to the nucleus; several of the snRNAs are involved in splicing or other RNA processing reactions. (100-300 bases and 105-106 molecules per cell. In natural state, they exist as ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNP).;;Alternative splicing involves differential use of splice junctions ;Alternative splicing involves differential use of splice junctions ;cis-splicing and trans-splicing reactions ;rRNA splicing;;tRNA processing;rRNA processing;1、Gen