挡土墙英文文献.docx

PAGE PAGE 1 PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION UNDER SEISMIC CONDITION Deepankar Choudhury1, K. S. Subba Rao2 and Sanghamitro Ghosh3 ABSTRACT Knowledge of passive resistance and its distribution behind the rigid retaining walls under both static and dynamic conditions are important for designing retaining walls, anchors, foundations etc. In this paper, a method of horizontal slices has been suggested for obtaining seismic passive earth pressure distribution by considering seismic forces in a pseudo-static manner. Only planar rupture surfaces have been considered and hence wall friction angle has been restricted upto one-third the soil friction angle. This approach results in the same seismic passive earth pressure coefficients as that obtained by Mononobe-Okabe approach, besides giving additional information about the distribution of earth pressures. The paper presents the results for various wall batter angles, soil friction angles, wall friction angles and the horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients. It has been found that in the seismic case, passive resistance acts at a point other than at 1/3rd from the base of the wall. Under seismic conditions, the extension of failure zone is more than that under static conditions. Keywords: seismic passive earth pressure, point of application, wall batter, horizontal slices. INTRODUCTION Determination of passive earth resistance and its point of application is still the current topic of research and more so under dynamic conditions. This knowledge is important for the design of retaining walls, anchors, foundations etc. The method of limit equilibrium (Terzaghi, 1943), method of limit analysis (Chen, 1975; Chen and Liu, 1990) and the method of characteristics (Sokolovski, 1965) are mostly used to solve static earth pressure problems. Earlier researchers like Okabe (1926), Mononobe and Matsuo (1929), Davies et al. (1986), Morrison and Ebeling (1995), Soubra (2000), Kumar (2001), Subba Rao and Choudhury