国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Quantum Physics Part 2 - A closer look at energy levels.pptVIP

* of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Quantised absorption Just as an electron can drop between energy levels in an atom, releasing a single photon, it can also jump up one or more energy levels if it absorbs a photon of the right energy. Only a single photon of the relevant energy can cause this. It is not possible for an electron to ‘store up’ energy from smaller quanta until it has enough to make the jump. One result of this is that shining a continuous spectrum of light at a transparent material leads to a few discrete frequencies being absorbed, while the rest are transmitted. This forms an absorption spectrum. H emission spectrum H absorption spectrum Analysing light from a source Energy of photons in light The electronvolt A joule (J) is a large unit of energy when dealing with tiny atoms. Scientists often use an alternative unit for small amounts of energy, called an electronvolt (eV). How many electronvolts to one joule? 1 eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J 1 J = 1/(1.6 × 10-19) eV = 6.25 × 1018 eV Use these two conversion rates to change between the two. Be careful to use joules in calculations with other SI units. An electronvolt is equal to the amount of energy transferred to a single electron if it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V: Wave speed, wavelength and frequency The speed, wavelength and frequency of a wave are related by the following equation: wave speed = frequency × wavelength c = fλ What is the photon energy, in electronvolts, of red E = hf = hc/λ = 6.63 × 10-34 × 3 × 108 / (685 × 10-9) = 2.9 × 10-19 J = 2.9 × 10-19 × 6.25 × 1018 eV = 1.8 eV light of wavelength 685 nm? Wave and photon calculations Wavelength of emitted radiation Given a set of values for atomic energy levels in a particular element, it is possible to calculate the wa