盘龙江昆明湖到霖雨桥段渔业资源现状调查研究-毕业论文.docxVIP

盘龙江昆明湖到霖雨桥段鱼类资源现状调查研究 Investigation and Study on Fish Resources from Kunming Lake to Liyuqiao Section of Panlong River 盘龙江昆明湖到霖雨桥段鱼类资源现状调查研究 摘 要 采用实地调查和社会调查的调查方法，调查盘龙江昆明湖至霖雨桥段的鱼类资源现状。在该区域共记录鱼类15种，隶属5目7科14属。通过渔获物统计分析与主要鱼类相对多度分析的方法得出滇池金线鲃、高体鳑鲏鱼、泥鳅等鱼类为优势种，且滇池金线鲃、泥鳅等鲤形目鱼类为该河道的优势鱼类种群，占66.67%。表明盘龙江昆明湖至霖雨桥经过牛拦江-滇池引水工程后，渔业生态环境逐渐修复，种群结构日加丰富，渔类资源逐渐增加。 关键词：盘龙江 昆明湖至霖雨桥 鱼类资源 优势种 Investigation and study on fish resources from kunming lake to liyuqiao section of panlong river ABSTRACT The present situation of fish resources in Kunming Lake to Liyuqiao section of Panlong River was investigated by field and social investigation methods. During the investigation, 15 species of fish were recorded, belonging to 5 orders, 7 families and 13 genera. Based on the statistical analysis of catches and the relative abundance analysis of main fishes, it is concluded that sinocyclocheilus grahami、Rose Bitterling、Taiwan loach、Yellow fish,accounting for 75.57%. The results showed that the ecological environment of fish industry was gradually restored, the population structure was enriched day by day, and the fish resources were gradually increased after the Niubanjiang-Dianchi water diversion project from Kunming Lake to Linyuqiao in Panlongjiang River. Key words: Panlong River Kunming Lake to Linyuqiao fish resources dominant species 盘龙江昆明湖到霖雨桥段鱼类资源现状调查研究 1 前言 盘龙江自古被誉为昆明市的“母亲河”，隶属于金沙江下段右岸一级支流，是普渡河上游段，源头有牧羊河、甸尾河在官渡区小河乡岔河嘴相汇，始称盘龙江，经谷昌坝水库，出松华坝水库，进入昆明坝区，穿过市区，在官渡区洪家村注入滇池，河段长26.53km，区间径流面积142km2，多年平均径流0.53亿m3ADDIN NoteFirst.Ref.6bfb134383c94dac87c39491f31baaae[1,2]。盘龙江水质在地表三类以上，与其他大多数城市内流河一样，随着城市的不断发展、扩大，导致河水受到污染，水质逐渐变坏，甚至出现恶臭的现象，污染较为严重，致使河段内溶氧较低，栖息的水生生物受到影响，渔业生态环境遭到迫害，鱼类繁殖栖息地受到破坏，致使鱼类不适合生长且鱼类组成较为单一， 种类较少，鱼类组成主要为外来种和耐污性的少数土著种组成，如：鰕鯱鱼、黄黝鱼、鲫、泥鳅等。然而，随着滇池水质治理项目的实施、牛栏江-滇池补水工程的启用，而盘龙江作为“牛栏江-滇池”补水工程清水输送的重要通道，咽喉要道，自然而然其水体得到变换，从之前的黑臭水变成现在的清水，从而鱼虾的栖息环境得到改善，渔业资源种群逐渐增多ADDIN NoteFirst.Ref.61a4cd896b6549948d9b2c4843248117[3,4]。由于缺乏资料，在所查关于盘龙江资料文献中尚未查到记载关于鱼类资源方面的资料以及盘龙江鱼类种群数量方面的资料记载，只在新闻报道中找到于20