上海名校2021年高二下英语试卷精选汇编-03.完形填空专题.docxVIP

上海名校2021年高二下试卷精选汇编——03. 完形填空专题 2021年第二学期上海晋元中学高二年级3月单元反馈英语试卷 Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to control peoples self-interest in the service of the common good. The ___21___ of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives (激励) can also ___22___, minifying the very behavior theyre meant to encourage. A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood ___23___ the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of scientific evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives--showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right in so many cases that businesses should ___24___. Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity ___25___ the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can have the opposite result when they destroy what Adam Smith called the moral sentiments(情绪)”. The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff-- we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. ___26___ , people desire to be respected by others as ethical and ___27___. And they dont want to be taken for losers. Rewarding blood donations may not serve the intended purpose because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being ___28___ than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer ___29___ the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with _____3