00植物学绪论 Introduction of Crop Breeding 分为3个知识点.pdf

Crop Breeding Introduction Principles of Crop Breeding 作物育种学-绪论 Crop Breeding 0.1 What is crop breeding Crop Breeding Famous crop breeders Crop Breeding Famous plant breeders Luther Hugo George Nikolai Norman Burbank de Vries Shull Vavilov Borlaug 1914-2009 1849-1926 1848-1935 1874-1954 1887-1943 Crop Breeding Achievements of plant breeders • Yield increase - Wheat y ield increase by 681% in China, 301% in India, 299% in Europe • Enhancement of compositional traits - Hig h-ly sine maize - Wheat for bread, pasta, cookies - ‘Golden rice ’ (pro -vitamin A) • Crop adaption - Photo -insensitive crops - Early maturity Crop Breeding • Impact of crop production system - Green Revolution (Norman Borlaug – ‘Father of Green Revolution ’) - Semi-dwarf wheat, - Semi-dwarf rice - Heterosis utilization (rice, maize, canola, cotton) - Herbicide and insect resistance (canola, maize, cotton) Crop Breeding What is crop breeding?  Crop breeding is a science of breeding and reproduction of new varieties. It is mainly based on the sciences of genetics and agronomics.  Crop breeding boils down to creating variability, identifying superior plants and selecting improved plants using the tools and techniq