英国IWCF井控培训教程1-地层压裂Formation Pressure.ppt

中东石油智库 * Annular Pressure Loss When mud is being circulated, bottomhole pressure equals hydrostatic pressure plus the pressure required to move mud up the annulus. Annular pressure loss exists only when mud is being circulated it ceases when the pump is stopped. 中东石油智库 * Flow Path 中东石油智库 * 中东石油智库 * Annular Pressure Loss The amount of APL depends on whether the mud flow in the annulus is laminar or turbulent. 中东石油智库 * Annular Pressure Loss APL is higher when the mud is in laminar flow. Flow in the annulus is usually laminar, because the mud velocity in the annulus during well control operations is decreased by lowering the pump speed below the speed used for normal drilling operations. 中东石油智库 * Annular Pressure Loss APL in laminar flow : 中东石油智库 * Annular Pressure Loss Ex. Calculate APL according to data’s available L= 16,000 ft (TVD), YP= 8 lb/100 ft2 , PV= 24 cp V= 1.2 ft/sec , Dh= 8.5 in. , Dp= 4.5 in. APL = (16,000 × 8)/ 225(8.5-4.5) + (16,000 × 24 × 1.2)/1,500(8.5-4.5)2 = (128,000/900)+(460,800/24,000) = 142.2 + 19.2 = 161.4 psi 中东石油智库 * Equivalent Circulating Density Another way to look at the BHP increase due to friction losses in the annulus is in terms of ECD. ECD is a combination of the original mud weight plus the equivalent mud weight increase due to pressure losses in the annulus. 中东石油智库 * Equivalent Circulating Density Another equation: Suppose that MW=13.0 ppg , APL= 100 psi , TVD= 8,000 ft. ECD= 13 + (100/ 0.052 / 8,000 = 13 + 0.24 ECD= 13.24 ppg * * 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 英国IWCF井控培训教程1-地层压裂IWCF Well Control-Formation Pressure 中东石油智库 中东石油智库 * Pressure Concepts The two pressures of primary concern are : Formation pressure Hydrostatic pressure. Formation pressure: is the force exerted by fluids in the formation. - Also called reservoir pressure, /or - Shut-in bottom hole pressure. 中东石油智库