《计算机网络与因特网》课件第二章客户-服务器交互_68.pptVIP

《计算机网络与因特网》课件第二章客户-服务器交互;There is no way for protocol software to inform an application that communication has arrived, And no way for an application to agree to accept arbitrary incoming messages. The application informs local protocol software that a specific type of message is expected ,And then the application waits. ;When an incoming message matches exactly what the application has specified, protocol software passes the message to the application. One application must actively initiate interaction, while the other application passively waits.;3.5 The Client-Server Paradigm客户-服务器模式;The client-server relationship is many-to-one. Many clients can use the services of one server.;Client;An active open: a client opens the communication channel using the IP address of the remote host and the well-known port address of the specific server program running on that machine. An active close: although the request-response part may be repeated several times, the whole process is finite and eventually comes to an end. At that moment, the client closes the communication channel. ;Server;3.6 Characteristics of Clients and Servers;Client software: Actively initiates contact with a server. Can access multiple services as needed, but actively contacts one remote server at a time. Does not require special hardware or a sophisticated operating system.;server software: Is an special-purpose,privileged program dedicated to providing one service, but can handle multiple remote clients at the same time. Is invoked(调用) automatically when a system boots, and continues to executes(执行) through many sessions(会话). Runs on a shared computer(not on a user’s personal computer). ;server software: Waits passively for contact from arbitrary remote clients. Accepts contact from arbitrary clients, but offers a single service. Requires powerful hardware and a sophisticated operating system.;3.9 transport protocols and client-server interaction;Stream of Bytes;TCP state transi