病理生理学 (24)病理生理学.pdfVIP

Hypokalemia Case: A 5-year-old boy was admitted to hospital due to diarrhea for 5 days, anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria and fatigue for 2 days. The physical examination showed that he is unconscious with lip cyanosis; his abdomen is distended and the bowel sounds disappeared; his limbs show flaccid paralysis. His serum sodium level is 140mmol/L, serum potassium level is 2.31mmol/L (3.5-5.5mmol/L), and serum chloride level is 97mmol/L. What is the possible reason of abdominal distension, disappearance of bowel sounds, and flaccid paralysis of limbs in this case? Hypokalemia refers to a decrease in serum potassium levels below 3.5 mmol/L. Case: A 5-year-old boy was admitted to hospital due to diarrhea for 5 days, anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria and fatigue for 2 days. The physical examination showed that he is unconscious with lip cyanosis; his abdomen is distended and the bowel sounds disappeared; his limbs show flaccid paralysis. His serum sodium level is 140mmol/L, serum potassium level is 2.31mmol/L (3.5-5.5mmol/L), and serum chlorine level is 97mmol/L. Why did hypokalemia happen in this boy? What is the detrimental effect of hypokalemia? 1. Causes of hypokalemia （1）Inadequate potassium intake （2）Excessive potassium loss （3）Redistribution between the ICF and ECF compartments 1. Causes of hypokalemia （1）Inadequate potassium intake Insufficient dietary potassium excretion in intake kidneys (10mmol) Hypokalemia 1. Causes of hypokalemia （2）Excessive potassium losses ① Losses of potassium in the gastrointestinal tract