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Metabolic acidosis
Case : Female patient, 67 yrs old, suffers from headache, dizziness and nausea.
She has a history of diabetes for 10 years. She looks apathic and somnolent
with rotten apple smell from breathing.
Blood gas: pH 7.32, HCO - 15mmol/L, PaCO 30mmHg
3 2
Questions:
1. Does the patient have acid-base disturbance?
2. If yes, what is it? How to make an analysis?
The patient may have metabolic acidosis!
Metabolic acidosis
uDefinition of Metabolic acidosis
Primary HCO - ↓, leading to pH↓
3
uCauses too much acid and too less base
uCauses Metabolic acidosis
1. Excessive acid (depletes HCO3-):
① Production of fixed acids↑: lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis
② Excretion of acids↓:
Severe renal failure ↓ excretion of fixed acids from body
+
RTA I decreased secretion of H in the collecting duct
③ Excessive intake of exogenous acids: salicylic acid, methanol (formic
acid) poisoning, and excessive intake of acidic drugs containing chlorine
④ Hyperkalemia: extracellular H+ ↑, HCO3- ↓
Metabolic acidosis
2. Decreased base:
① HCO3- loss↑: loss of alkaline intestinal fluid containing HCO3-.
Such as: diarrhea, intestinal fistulas, intestinal drainage.
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