水利工程环境影响分析与控制【毕业作品】.doc

水利工程环境影响分析与控制 内容摘要 随着社会经济的发展，人类对水资源的需求越来越高，水利工程在其发挥发电、防洪、航运、灌溉等优势的同时，也对周围自然和社会环境产生了较多影响。开展水利工程环境影响的分析，对如何兴利弊害，充分发挥水利工程优势，减免其不利影响等是保障水利建设可持续发展的迫切需要。 论文主要对水利工程环境的影响分析和控制措施进行研究。针对水利水电工程特点，对水利工程对环境各方面影响进行客观的分析，并提出改善性建议和治理措施。结合三门峡水库水利工程实例，进行具体的环境影响分析和数据对比，并针对存在问题提出合理的改进建议和控制措施。 关键词：水利工程；环境影响分析；控制措施 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Wang Jun, for his constant encouragements and guidance. It is my honor that Mr. Wang decides to guide my thesis. Mr. Wang gave me many detailed suggestions before the topic selection, and his words “It is a pity that if you fail to write something about what you love.” made me take a decision. After many discussions with Mr. Wang, I got confidence and courage to write what I love, and finally completed my thesis with his effective guidance. I am deeply grateful for his guidance. I hope to thank the teachers in the dissertation proposal. They gave me some suggestions about the related works and scholars which may have help to my thesis. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my classmates and roommates. They gave me encouragements anytime and anywhere. I enjoyed the time that we made great efforts together. Last but not least, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my family for their love, support and kindness. 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 3517 内容摘要 I 23614 引 言 1 17490 1 水利工程环境概述 3 20988 1.1 水利水电工程特点 3 21819 1.2 水利工程环境影响研究的必要性 3 3321 1.3 研究课题的提出 4 3770 2 水利工程环境影响分析 5 1593 2.1 水质影响分析 5 616 2.2 生物的影响分析 5 6919 2.3 气候影响分析 6 18961 2.3.1 降雨量影响 6 12524 2.3.2 气温影响 6 17507 2.3.3 风影响 7 1561 2.4 社会环境影响 7 4120 2.4.1 工程建设对人口迁移、土地利用的影响 7 31333 2.4.2 工程建设对人群健康的影响 7 397 2.4.3 工程建设对文物古迹和自然景观的影响 8 15642 3 水利工程环境影响控制措施 8 28122 3.1 建立环境影响评价制度 9 28178 3.2 把生态环境保护融入到水利建设的各个环节中 9 16364 3.3 建立和实施生态补偿机制 10 29958 4 水利工程环境影响与控制案例分析 10 12082 4.1 三门峡水库是一项典型的水利水电工程 11 10227 4.2 三门峡水库环境影响及分析 11 27858 4.2.1 对陆生生态环境的影响问题 11