流行病学总论.pptxVIP

临床流行病学（clinical epidemiology）第一章 绪 论Introduction 基本概念 研究内容 研究方法第一节 基本概念最早发展——临床医学。两个分支——微观。 ——宏观。Hippocrates (460-377 BC)医学之父The Oath of MedicineI swear by Apollo, the healer, Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and my judgment, the following Oath and agreement: To consider dear to me, as my parents, him who taught me this art; to live in common with him and, if necessary, to share my goods with him; To look upon his children as my own brothers, to teach them this art.I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessaryto cause an abortion.But I will preserve the purity of my life and my arts.I will not cut for stone, even for patients in whom the disease is manifest; I will leave this operation to be performed by practitioners, specialists in this art.In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of my patients, keeping myself far from all intentional ill-doing and all seduction and especially from the pleasures of lovewith women or with men, be they free or slaves.All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of my profession or in daily commerce with men, which ought not to be spread abroad, I will keep secret and will never reveal.If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life and practice my art, respected by all men and in all times; but if I swerve from it or violate it, may the reverse be my lot.希波克拉底誓言我要遵守誓约，矢忠不渝。对传授我医术的老师，我要像父母一样敬重，并作为终身的职业。对我的儿子、老师的儿子以及我的门徒，我要悉心传授医学知识。我要竭尽全力，采取我认为有利于病人的医疗措施，不能给病人带来痛苦与危害。我不把毒药给任何人，也决不授意别人使用它。我要清清白白地行医和生活。无论进入谁家，只是为了治病，不为所欲为，不接受贿赂，不勾引异性。对看到或听到不应外传的私生活，我决不泄露。如果我能严格遵守上面誓言时，请求神祇让我的生命与医术得到无上光荣；如果我违背誓言，天地鬼神一起将我雷击致死。Hippocrates (460-377 BC)第一个流行病学家主要的流行病学著作：《Epidemic Ⅰ》《Epidemic Ⅲ》《On Airs, Waters and Places》主要贡献：流行病学观察环境在疾