金属材料专业介绍(英文版).pptxVIP

Unit 6;We should grasp…;New Words Expressions from Part1;Translation I;Translation II;What is a Metal?;What is an Alloy?;;Something else…..;3、合金的一些性质： (1)多数合金熔点低于其组分中任一种组成金属的熔点； (2)硬度比其组分中任一金属的硬度大； (3)合金的导电性和导热性低于任一组分金属。利用合金的这一特性，可以制造高电阻和高热阻材料。还可制造有特殊性能的材料。 (4)有的抗腐蚀能力强(如不锈钢) 4、常见合金：　球墨铸铁、锰钢、不锈钢、黄铜、青铜、白铜、焊锡、硬铝、18K黄金、18K白金。 ;What is an Alloy?;Think about…..;Solid Solutions;;;Intermetallic Compounds;;Three types of circumstances of intermetallic compounds forming;Hume-Rothery Rule;Hume-Rothery Rule 2:Crystal Structure Rule : For appreciable solid solubility, the crystal structures of the two elements must be identical. Hume-Rothery Rule 3: Valency Rule : A metal will dissolve a metal of higher valency to a greater extent than one of lower valency. The solute and solvent atoms should typically have the same valence in order to achieve maximum solubility. Hume-Rothery Rule 4: The Electronegativity Rule : Electronegativity difference close to 0 gives maximum solubility. The more electropositive one element and the more electronegative the other, the greater is the likelihood that they will form an intermetallic compound instead of a substitutional solid solution. The solute and the solvent should lie relatively close in the electrochemical series.;休姆－罗瑟里（Hume－Rothery）规律; 各式各样的合金;金属外壳;1. Given that many of the compounds formed in alloys are size factor or electron compounds,these do not follow the rules of valency. 在合金中，许多化合物是按比例组合或是电子化合物，不能很好的遵循价键理论。;2.Whereas the chemical formula of an ionic compound , like NaCl or Al2O3 can be predicted easily from the compound’s position in the periodic table ,this is not the case for many intermetallic compounds. 换句话说，尽管像氯化钠，氧化铝的价键可以通过他们在元素周期表的位置进行预测，但却不能解释合金中金属元素的成健方式。;3.Thus,knowing from their position in the periodic table that Na wants to from Na+ ions and chlorine wants to from Cl- ions explans why an ionic compound with a formula NaCl is observed. 从元素周期表可以知道，钠有变成钠离子的趋势，氯有变成氯离子